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代码github地址:
在Android Studio中,File
-> New
->New Flutter Project
-> Flutter Application
创建完工程后,有三个目录
android
:Android工程的目录
ios
:iOS工程的目录
lib
: Flutter工程的目录
其中android、ios下的文件我们都不动,我们只改动lib目录下的dart文件。
Run
在手机上把程序跑起来。注册地址
注册完后,再看API文档
demo这里用的是,获取当天天气情况的API:
用的请求URL如下:
https://free-api.heweather.com/s6/weather/now?location=广州&key=******
在创建的工程里,有个main.dart
里面有一段显示界面的代码如下:
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget { // This widget is the root of your application. @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return MaterialApp( title: 'Flutter Demo', theme: ThemeData( // This is the theme of your application. // // Try running your application with "flutter run". You'll see the // application has a blue toolbar. Then, without quitting the app, try // changing the primarySwatch below to Colors.green and then invoke // "hot reload" (press "r" in the console where you ran "flutter run", // or press Run > Flutter Hot Reload in a Flutter IDE). Notice that the // counter didn't reset back to zero; the application is not restarted. primarySwatch: Colors.blue, ), home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'), ); }}
其中home
就是要显示的界面,这里我们要把MyHomePage
换成我们自己的。
通过 new
-> Dart File
在lib目录下创建WeatherWidget
class WeatherWidget extends StatefulWidget{ @override StatecreateState() { // TODO: implement createState return new WeatherState(); }}class WeatherState extends State { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { // TODO: implement build return Scaffold( ); } }
创建完后,在main.dart
中将home
改为WeatherWidget
,如下:
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget { // This widget is the root of your application. @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return MaterialApp( title: 'Flutter Demo', theme: ThemeData( primarySwatch: Colors.blue, ), home: WeatherWidget(), ); }
在写UI的工程中,我们可以用到Flutter的hot reload的特性,写布局的时候,按ctrl+s
或cmd+s
就可以在手机上实时看到界面的变化。
这个功能很好用。
Flutter可以添加不同的资源,例如图片、文本、配置文件、静态数据等。
添加资源时,需要在pubspec.yaml
文件中的flutter
属性下添加assets
,并标明要添加资源的路径,例如,我们要加入指定的图片时,可以这么写:
flutter: assets: - assets/my_icon.png - assets/background.png
如果要添加的资源太多,也可以添加文件夹,例如:
flutter: assets: - assets/
在本demo中,要添加一个背景图,我们在工程的根目录下创建images
目录,将背景图放在images
目录下,然后在pubspec.yaml
中添加:
flutter: # The following line ensures that the Material Icons font is # included with your application, so that you can use the icons in # the material Icons class. uses-material-design: true assets: - images/
在Scaffold
中添加body
的属性,来写UI的布局,如下:
class WeatherState extends State{ @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { // TODO: implement build return Scaffold( body: new Stack( fit: StackFit.expand, children: [ new Image.asset("images/weather_bg.jpg",fit: BoxFit.fitHeight,), new Column( mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.start, crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center, children: [ new Container( width: double.infinity, margin: EdgeInsets.only(top: 40.0), child: new Text( "广州市", textAlign: TextAlign.center, style: new TextStyle( color: Colors.white, fontSize: 30.0, ), ), ), new Container( width: double.infinity, margin: EdgeInsets.only(top: 100.0), child: new Column( children: [ new Text( "20 °", style: new TextStyle( color: Colors.white, fontSize: 80.0 )), new Text( "晴", style: new TextStyle( color: Colors.white, fontSize: 45.0 )), new Text( "湿度 80%", style: new TextStyle( color: Colors.white, fontSize: 30.0 ), ) ], ), ) ], ) ], ), ); }}
按ctrl+s
,在手机上就可以看到写好的UI,但这时候的数据是写死的,下来看如何通过http获取数据。
要通过http数据,我们首先要添加http的依赖库,在pubspec.yaml
中的dependencies
添加如下:
dependencies: flutter: sdk: flutter # The following adds the Cupertino Icons font to your application. # Use with the CupertinoIcons class for iOS style icons. cupertino_icons: ^0.1.2 http: ^0.12.0
然后在当前工程目录下运行以下命令行:
$ flutter packages get
或者在Android Stuido 打开pubspec.yaml
文件,点击上面的packages get
这里操作的意义是,拉取http的库。
通过 new
-> Dart File
在lib目录下创建WeatherData
class WeatherData{ String cond; //天气 String tmp; //温度 String hum; //湿度 WeatherData({this.cond, this.tmp, this.hum}); factory WeatherData.fromJson(Mapjson) { return WeatherData( cond: json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['cond_txt'], tmp: json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['tmp']+"°", hum: "湿度 "+json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['hum']+"%", ); } factory WeatherData.empty() { return WeatherData( cond: "", tmp: "", hum: "", ); }}
class WeatherState extends State{ WeatherData weather = WeatherData.empty(); WeatherState(){ _getWeather(); } void _getWeather() async{ WeatherData data = await _fetchWeather(); setState((){ weather = data; }); } Future _fetchWeather() async{ final response = await http.get('https://free-api.heweather.com/s6/weather/now?location=广州&key=ebb698e9bb6844199e6fd23cbb9a77c5'); if(response.statusCode == 200){ return WeatherData.fromJson(json.decode(response.body)); }else{ return WeatherData.empty(); } } @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { ... }}
... child: new Column( children:[ new Text( weather?.tmp, style: new TextStyle( color: Colors.white, fontSize: 80.0 )), new Text( weather?.cond, style: new TextStyle( color: Colors.white, fontSize: 45.0 )), new Text( weather?.hum, style: new TextStyle( color: Colors.white, fontSize: 30.0 ), ) ], ), ...
至此这款天气查询的APP实现了一个显示城市、温度、天气、湿度的界面,但是这个界面只有一个显示的功能,没有任何可交互的地方,写下篇文章继续完善查询天气的APP的功能。
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